环境恶化对居民防护支出的影响研究

The Impact of Environmental Deterioration on Resident Defensive Expenditures

环境恶化引致的防护支出增加从经济角度直接影响着居民的消费结构,使得居民的生存资料消费增加而有可能减少发展和享受资料消费,潜移默化中改变着人们生活.文章清晰界定了居民防护支出的范围,基于电商平台网络消费数据首次测算我国居民防护支出的规模与分布,运用回归模型实证分析了影响居民防护支出的原因.研究发现,我国居民防护支出规模大,地区和时间分布差异显著,70%以上的居民防护支出集中在东部沿海地区,一、四季度居民防护支出明显高于二、三季度;环境恶化是居民防护支出增加的主要原因,且极端污染天气对其影响非常大,居民防护支出增加的百分比是严重污染天气增加百分比的5倍以上;此外,婴儿保护效应、收入水平、受教育水平等因素也是居民防护支出存在差异的重要原因.

The increase in defensive expenditures caused by environmental degradation directly affects the consumption structure of residents from an economic perspective,which increases the consumption of resident living materials and may reduce consumption of development and enjoyment data,and changes people’s lives in a subtle way.This paper clearly defines the scope of resident defensive expenditures,measures the scale and distribution of Chinese defensive expenditures based on online shopping data.The regression model is used to empirically analyze the reasons that affect resident defensive expenditures.The study found that Chinese people spend a lot of money in defending environmental pollution,and there are significant differences in time and regional distribution.More than 70%of the resident defensive expenditures are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas.The resident defensive expenditures in the first and fourth quarters are significantly higher than those in the second and third quarters.Environmental degradation is the main reason for the increase in resident defensive expenditures,and extreme pollution weather has a great impact on it.The growth rate of resident defensive expenditures is more than five times the growth rate of heavy polluted weather.In addition,factors such as infant protection effects,income levels,education levels and other factors are also important reasons for differences in resident defensive expenditures.