农村老年人公共体育服务供需反思及优化研究

Reflection and Optimization on the Supply and Demand of Public Sports Service for the Elderly in Rural Areas

随着我国老龄化程度加重,农村孤寡老人和留守老人比例增高,加强老年人体育锻炼能有效地促进老人健康,增强家庭和睦和社会稳定,但农村公共体育服务严重滞后。以农村老年人公共体育服务供给为研究对象,主要通过问卷调查和结构访谈法等研究方法对农村基层政府、老人民众和体育社团三方满意度进行对比分析,研究发现:农村老年人公共体育服务存在严重供需失衡现象;体育观念落后,体育知识匮乏是当今阻碍农村老年人参与体育锻炼的主要原因,体育场地设施等物质性公共体育服务基本遍及农村地区,但对体育观形成、价值观改变具有主导作用的非物质性公共体育服务严重缺失;农村体育社会团体建设能有效促进本区域体育健身活动开展,但农村体育社会组织发展缓慢。提出:要加强建立"双向"交流沟通机制问需于民;加强非物质性公共体育服务供给,引导农村老人形成正确体育观和锻炼习惯;大力扶持和培养农村老年体育社会组织的发展,打造多元主体,实现多元共治,推进农村体育治理。

China’s aging degree is serious,the proportion of rural widowed elderly and left-behind elderly is increasing. Strengthening exercise for the elderly can effectively promote the health,enhance family harmony and social stability,but public sports services in rural areas are seriously lagging behind. Taking the supply of public sports services for the elderly in rural areas as the research object,this study compared and analyzed the satisfaction of rural grass-roots government,the elderly people and sports associations through questionnaire survey and structural interview. The results showed that: there is a serious imbalance between supply and demand in the public sports service for the rural elderly. The backward concept of sports and the lack of sports knowledge are the main reasons that hinder the elderly from participating in exercise in rural areas nowadays. Physical public sports services such as sports venues and facilities basically cover rural areas,but the non-material public sports services which play a leading role in the formation of sports outlook and the change of values are seriously lacking. The construction of rural sports social organizations can effectively promote the development of sports fitness activities in the region,but the development of rural sports social organizations is slow. This study pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the establishment of"two-way"people-oriented communication mechanism,strengthen the supply of non-material public sports services,guide the rural elderly to form correct sports outlook and exercise habits,vigorously support and cultivate the development of rural elderly sports social organizations,create multiple subjects,realize multiple co-governance,and promote rural sports governance.