公共决策专家咨询制度的内容分析:反思与重构——基于28个省级地方政府51份政策文本的调查

Content Analysis of Expert Consultation System in Public Decision-Making: Reflection and Reconstruction——Based on 51 Policy Texts of 28 Provincial Governments

决策活动既是政府管理的首要环节,又是破解政治、经济、社会等问题的前提和基础,也是容易出问题并难以追究责任的活动。公共决策过程中引入专家咨询制度可以防止政府决策随意性、提高公共决策科学性,促进政府与社会公众良性互动。公共决策专家咨询制度具有目标价值、规则体系、实施保障和调整对象四个维度。专家咨询制度文本规则体系方面缺乏独立完整的设计、实施保障方面缺少约束力与问责机制、调整对象方面适用范围与形式不明确,专家参与环节的民主性不足。重构公共决策专家咨询制度的基本理路在于完善立法保障、规范管理程序、明晰适用范围、健全责任机制。

Decision-making activities are not only the primary link of government management, but also the premise and basis for solving political, economical and social problems. They are also activities that are prone to problems and difficult to be held accountable. The introduction of expert consultation system in the process of public decision-making can prevent the arbitrariness of government decision-making, improve the scientific nature of public decision-making, and promote the benign interaction between government and the public. The content of the expert consultation system for public decision-making includes four dimensions:target value, rule system, implementation guarantee and adjustment objects. The defects of expert consultation includes the absence of independent and complete design in rule system, the lack of binding force and accountability mechanism in implementation guarantee, the unclear scope and form of application in adjusting object, and the shortage of democracy in expert participation, etc.. This paper puts forward the basic rationale for reconstructing expert consultation system in public decision-making, such as improving legislative guarantee and standardizing management.