露地越冬葡萄枝条水分含量与抗旱寒性关系研究

The relationship between water content and the cold resistance of wine grape branches during overwintering

在露地越冬的条件下,以抗寒性较强的几个种间杂交葡萄品种枝条为试材,通过研究不同时期枝条总含水量、自由水、束缚水和枝条萌芽率的变化,分析葡萄枝条水分含量与萌芽率的关系,确定品种抗旱寒性能,并根据水分与萌芽率的隶属分析确定水分含量临界值。结果表明:葡萄枝条抗旱寒性与水分含量各指标均具有相关性,其中与枝条总含水量、束缚水含量显著正相关,与失水量显著负相关,相关系数均达0.896以上。露地越冬期间,枝条总含水量及束缚水含量越高,失水量越小,葡萄失水死亡的几率就越小,枝条萌芽率越高,抗旱寒性越好。‘北红’‘新北醇’‘北玫’‘北玺’‘北馨’等5个品种在宁夏产区2018年冬季至2019年春季的气候条件下可以露地安全越冬,具有较强的抗旱寒性能,而‘威代尔’在露地不能安全越冬,应采取防护措施。研究还发现,冬季枝条含水量和抗旱寒性能还与树龄有关。

Several interspecific hybrids with strong cold resistance were used as experimental materials to investigate the content of total water,free water,bound water and germination rate of annual branch in different periods during overwintering in the open field.The relationships between the water content and germination rate of annual branches were analyzed and the cold resistance of the varieties in dry winter were determined.The critical values of water content also were determined.The results showed that the water contents were correlated with the cold resistance of grapevines,which were positively correlated with the total water content,bound water and germination rate of the branches,and negatively correlated with the water loss.The correlation coefficient was above 0.896.During overwintering,the higher the total water content and the bound water content of the branches, the smaller the water loss,the higher the branches germination rate,the smaller probability of grape death,and the better the cold resistance.The water content in the branches could be used as an indicator for cold resistance evaluation,and could also be used as a screening index for new varieties resistant to drought and cold.Five varieties, such as 'Beihong''Xinbeichun''Beimei''Beixi''Beixin',could be safely overwintered in the climatic conditions of the Ningxia region from the winter of 2018 to the spring of 2019,with strong resistance to drought and cold.And 'Vidal' could not safely in the winter and should take protective measures.The study also found that the water content and cold resistance were also related to tree age.