膜下滴灌不同种植密度对玉米生长及水分利用的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities of Maize on Growth Index and Water Use Under Drip Irrigation

通过膜下滴灌田间试验研究玉米不同种植密度对玉米生长特性、产量、土体剖面水分分布、灌溉水分利用率(IWUE)及效益的影响。以利民33号为供试作物,设7.5、8.25、9万株/hm^2 3个种植密度,分别对玉米叶长宽、株高、叶面积指数、产量及其构成要素、水分及利用率进行比较分析。结果表明:密度为7.5万株/hm^2的土壤含水率最大,8.25万株/hm^2的土壤含水率最小。各生长期0~80 cm土层土壤含水率变化趋势基本相同,均随时间呈波动变化。密度8.25与7.5、9万株/hm^2处理相比,分别降低耗水量82.04、74.23 m^3/hm^2,提高灌溉水分利用效率1.13、2.14 kg/m^3,同时玉米的长势较好,获得较高的产量和效益。种植密度影响玉米的生长、产量及灌溉水分利用率进而影响生产效益。本试验条件下较适宜的种植密度为8.25万株/hm^2,可获得较好的种植效果。

The effects of different planting densities on maize growth characteristics, yield, soil profile water distribution, and irrigation water utilization efficiency(IWUE) and benefits were studied by field experiments of drip irrigation under film. With Limin 33 as the test crop, three treatments with planting densities of 75 000, 82 500 and 90 000 plants per hm^2 were set up. Leaf length and width, plant height, leaf area index, yield and its constituent elements, water content and utilization rate of maize were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the soil moisture content of the treatment of 75 000 plants per hm^2 was the largest, while that of the treatment of 82 500 plants per hm^2 was the smallest;the variation trend of soil moisture content in the 0~80 cm soil layer in each growing season was basically the same, which fluctuated with time;compared with the treatments of 75 000 and 90 000 plants per hm^2, the water consumption of the treatment of 82 500 plants per hm^2 was reduced by 82.04 and 74.23 m^3/hm^2, respectively, and the irrigation water utilization efficiency was increased by 1.13 and 2.14 kg/m^3;meanwhile, maize grew well and obtained higher yield and benefit;the planting density affected the growth, yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency of maize, and then affected the production efficiency. Under the experimental conditions, the suitable planting density was 82,500 plants per hm^2, which could obtain better planting effect.