我国城市地铁安检制度的生成逻辑与建构路径

The Formation Logic and Construction Path of Subway Security Check in China

地铁点多、线长、面广及封闭性等特点决定了它日益成为“独狼式”恐怖袭击的首选目标,英、法、日、韩、俄等国家都曾发生过震惊世界的地铁恐怖袭击事件,规避暴力恐怖风险是安检制度实施的逻辑起点。但迄今为止只有中国实行了常态化安检。安检相对于其它防范措施的优益性、我国社会转型期风险迭加的特点,以及中国独具特色的国家安全治理制度、地铁发展的历程、政企关系、社会治安综合治理传统是我国安检制度的生成逻辑。实检实施以来面临过检速度降低运营效率、安检执行质量不高、安检责任主体不清、乘客存在抗拒心理等现实困境,需要通过安检制度的系统化建构来实现。

Subway services around the world are becoming favorite targets of lone-wolf terrorism due to some of their intrinsic features, such as the extensive length of line, the large number of stops and the closeness of space. Countries like Britain, France, Japan, Korea and Russia have all suffered the shocks of subway terrorist attack. Avoiding the risk of violent terror is the logical starting point for the implementation of security check. Subway security check has proved to be an efficient means in preventing violent accidents and terrorist attacks. However, so far China is the only country in the world that imposes regular subway security check on every passenger. China’s subway security check policy has come into being with the advantages and benefits of subway security check policy vs. the other subway security measures, the characteristics of risk superposition in the period of social transformation and China’s general domestic security strategy, the history of its subway development, the government-enterprise relations, its policing and social control tradition. The author makes a comprehensive analysis of, and suggests some solutions to, the technical, institutional and psychological dilemmas faced by China’s subway screening policy, as an effort in the part of the author to contribute to the construction of a safer, more passenger-friendly subway security system in China.