美国促进科学教育公平的政策嬗变(1945—1990)

The Evolution of U. S. Policy to Promote Equity in Science Education(1945-1990)

1945-1960年美国促进科学教育公平的政策属于探索时期,主要解决的是种族平等的问题,并没有形成制度化。这一时期美国政府出台了一系列促进科学教育公平的政策,使女性、少数族裔、残疾人士参与科学教育的比例都得到了一定程度地提升,但是这些群体仍然处于弱势的地位。1960-1990年美国促进科学教育公平的政策属于初步制度化时期,主要标志是美国国会于1980年通过《1980年科学和工程平等机会法案》,随后国家科学基金会每2年发布一次在科学和工程领域中关于女性、少数族裔和残疾人士的报告。自此,美国促进科学教育公平的政策走向了制度化,政府和有关部门开始持续、长期关注科学教育的公平问题。我国促进科学教育公平的政策也应制度化,重点解决性别、种族、城乡、残疾人科学教育公平的问题。

From 1945-1960,the policy of promoting equity in science education in the United States belonged to the period of exploration.It mainly solved the problem of racial equality and did not form institutionalization.During this period,the US government introduced a series of policies to promote equity in science education,and the proportion ofwomen,ethnic minorities,and people with disabilities participating in science education has been improved to a certain extent,but these groups are still in a weak position.The US policy of promoting equity in science education in 1960-1990 was a period of initial institutionalization.The main sign of the US Congress passed the The Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Actof 1980,then,the National Science Foundation issued the report of Women and Minorities disabilities in Science and Engineering every two years.The US policy of promotingequity in science education has become institutionalized,and the government and relevant departments have been paying attention to the issue of equity in science education.China's policy of promoting equity in science education should also be institutionalized,focusing on the equality of gender,race,urban and rural areas,and people with disabilities in science education.