苏格拉底自喻中的教师图像研究——兼议当代教师从“知识型”向“哲学式”转型之可能

The Research of the Teacher’s Image in Socrates’ Self-Metaphor,and the Possibility for Contemporary Teachers,Changing From “Knowledge” to “Philosophy”

哲学家与教师具有某种内在的关联,这在一定程度上也达成了哲学与教育的一致性。哲学家的使命在于灵魂的引导与教化,教师的职责亦然,所以教师具有哲学家的品质能更好地促成教育行动的开展。那么,从哲学出发检视当前的教育现场,发现“唯知识论”泛滥,教师已然放弃了对人灵魂的指引。因此,通过苏格拉底关于自身隐喻的三种意象(电鳗、助产士、牛虻)来描绘理想的教师图像,以此观照现实中不完满的教师形象,这也进一步为“知识型”教师转向“哲学式”教师提供新的思考和实现路向,从而成就真正意义上的“哲学式”教师,并为教育提升灵魂的品质奠定基础。

There are some intrinsic connection between philosophers and teachers,which,to some extent,also achieves the consistency between philosophy and education.The mission of philosophers lies in the guidance and education of the soul,as well as the duties of teachers.Therefore,teachers with the quality of philosophers can better promote the development of educational action.Then,reviewing the current educational scene from the perspective of philosophy,we find that "knowledge-only theory" remain widespread,and teachers have given up their guidance to the human soul.Therefore,through Socrates' three images of self-metaphor (cramp-fish,midwife,gadfly) to describe the ideal image of the teacher,and reflect the imperfect image of the teacher in reality.This also provides a new thinking way and realization for the "knowledge-based" teachers to turn to the "philosophy-based" teachers,so as to achieve a true "philosophy-based" teachers and lay the foundation for education to enhance the quality of the soul.