从历史背景考察粟特人中华文化认同的基础

To Investigate the Basis of Chinese Cultural Identification of the Sogdians from the Historical Background

粟特民族是古代内陆中亚一个历史悠久的民族,他们主要生活在阿姆河与锡尔河之间的河中地区。这一地区历史上称为索格底亚那,地处丝绸之路的北道和中道上,地理位置十分重要。依靠这一特殊地理位置,粟特人大多以外出经商谋生为主。由于多种原因,这一地区一直没有建立过统一而强大的政权,先后由波斯、希腊、嚈哒、突厥、中国唐政府等政权和民族行使管辖权。从历史背景来考察,这一地区是一个多种宗教信仰并存的区域,琐罗亚斯德教、佛教、景教、摩尼教等先后流行。独特的历史背景缔造了富有魅力的粟特文化,也造就粟特人文化上的灵活性与适应性。政治上的相对弱势,使其形成对强大政权的惯性依赖。唐代曾一度控制和管辖中亚粟特地区,使粟特人对大唐文明、礼乐教化产生归附和文化认同。

The Sogdians are the people with a long history in ancient Central Asia, who live mainly in the intermediate area between the Amu River and the Syr River. This area, historically known as Sogdiana, is located on the north and middle routes of the ancient Silk Road, and has a geographical importance. Depending on this special geographical position, the majority of the Sogdians go out to do business and make a living. For many reasons, there has never been a unified and powerful regime in this region, which has been governed by Persian, Greek, Gadda, Turkic, Tang government of China and other powers and nationalities successively. From the perspective of historical background, this area is a region where many religious beliefs coexist. Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Jing religion and Manichaeism were popular successively. The unique historical background has created a charming Sogdian culture, as well as the cultural flexibility and adaptability of the Sogdians. The relative political weakness has formed its inertial dependence on the powerful regime. The Tang Dynasty once controlled and ruled the Sogdian region of Central Asia, thus forming the Sogdian attachment and cultural identity to the Tang civilization and the culture of rites and music.