晚清新生事物命名中的跨文化传播观

The Concept of Cross-cultural Communication in Naming New Things in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清中国被迫打开国门,东西碰撞,新旧交替。在这交流激荡的大舞台上,新生事物不断涌现,对这些新生事物的命名融合古今中外,跨文化传播特性展现得淋漓尽致。通过梳理器物、制度和精神三大文化层面的新生事物的历史,结合历史学、传播学、语言学等学科理论分析其名称,发现晚清新生事物命名具有四大特点。一是从本国受众出发,重视传统;二是紧密关联政治,因时而变;三是善用符号,重视意指关系;四是首因效应突出,逐渐民族化。

In the late Qing Dynasty, China was forced to open its door, eastern culture met west culture, and it was a time when old met new. In the stage of communication, new things kept emerging, the naming of these new things integrated the ancient Chinese culture and western culture, and the cross-cultural communication characteristics appeared incisively and vividly. Through sorting out the history of new things in the three cultural levels of artifacts, systems and spirits, and combining with the theories of history, communication, linguistics and other disciplines, the author discusses the naming of new things, finds four features in naming: focusing on tradition and based on the awareness of local audiences;closely relating to politics and changing with time;making good use of symbols and attaching importance to the relationship of what referring to;obvious primacy effect and gradual nationalization.