CER教学:引导学生建构科学解释

CER Instruction: Guiding Students to Construct Scientific Explanation

科学解释是一种重要的科学实践。近年来,美国中小学实施的主张、证据、推理教学(简称"CER教学")是科学教育中影响较大的模式。该模式以理性主义科学观与建构主义学习观为理论基础,操作步骤为:创造问题情境,提出科学主张;通过多种方式收集证据;链接证据与观点,开展科学推理;小组展示与交流,优化科学解释。实施策略为:利用CER框架图表,为科学解释提供支架;使用适当和充分的证据,区分日常经验与科学证据;加强基本概念教学,为科学推理提供支撑;考虑其他解释,学会反驳。它对于促进科学理解、发展科学思维、深化科学探究、培养科学精神有积极作用。CER教学框架对于改进我国科学教育、提升学生的科学素养具有重要的借鉴意义。

Scientific explanation is an essential scientific practice. In recent years, the instruction of claim, evidence, and reason(CER INSTRUCTION) implemented in American primary and secondary schools are the most influential models in science education. This model includes the following steps: creating problem situations;proposing scientific claims;collecting relevant evidence through various means;linking evidence and opinions, conducting scientific reasoning;group display and communication, and optimizing scientific interpretation. The implementation strategies include: using appropriate and sufficient evidence to distinguish daily experience from scientific evidence, strengthen the teaching of fundamental concepts to provide support for scientific reasoning, and consider other explanations and learn to refute them. While this model is subject to continuous improvement, it plays an active role in understanding scientific concepts, developing scientific thinking, deepening science inquiry, and cultivating the scientific spirit. CER instruction has important reference value for our science education.