五四时期的民族情感与反日运动的展开

The National Emotions and the Mobilization of the Anti-Japanese Movement During the May 4th Era

五四时期反日运动在北京、天津、济南、上海、武汉等重要城市的开展,与所在城市的教育会、学生会、省议会以及基督教青年会等社团的支持有密切关系。各地“学生烈士追悼会”的举办大体上是由绅、商、学界的领袖人物发起的,追悼会承担了塑造反日“民族英雄”的宣传功能,并经由报纸的传播,构建起一个以“反日爱国”为主旨、地方与全国互动的“民族情感共同体”。青年学生充当各地抵制日货的急先锋,利用民族主义情感动员商界抵制日货,却漠视了民族救亡与商界利益的内在冲突,由此决定当时的反日运动只能是暂时的行为。

During the May 4th Movement anti-Japanese movements were carried out in many important cities, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Ji’nan, Shanghai, and Wuhan, which were closely related to support from the Education Association, the Students’Association, the Provincial Parliaments, the Young Men’s Christian Association, and other organizations. In many places, the “Student Martyr Memorial Meetings” were generally initiated by the leading people in martial arts, commercial, and academic circles, whose function was to publicize the anti-Japanese “national heroes” and through the newspapers to build a “national emotional community,” taking “anti-Japanese feelings and patriotism” as the goal by interacting among districts and the whole country. Young students acted as the pioneers in resisting Japanese goods in many places, making use of national emotions to mobilize the commercial circles to resist Japanese goods, but they ignored the internal conflicts between national salvation and commercial benefits, which resulted in the anti-Japanese movement being only a temporary event.