“技术赋权”还是“技术父权”——对智能制造背景下劳动者技能提升机会的性别差异考察

“Technology Empowerment” or “Technology Patriarchy”——A study of gender differences of workers’ skill upgrading opportunities in the context of intelligent manufacturing

本文基于对广东省制造业的问卷调查和深入访谈资料,分析了智能制造背景下劳动者技能提升机会的性别差异。研究发现,企业自动化升级提高了工人获得的与机器操作有关的在职培训等技能提升机会,给劳动者带来了"技术赋权"的机遇。但是,问卷数据显示,这次技术革新给男性工人带来的培训次数显著高于女性,导致男性和女性在技能提升机会方面的差距扩大。从访谈资料来看,在自动化升级趋势下,管理人员和工人通过区隔男性能力与女性能力并对其赋予不同的价值,重塑了工作场所的劳动秩序和两性分工,进而影响了技能培训机会的性别差异。因此,当前的智能制造趋势和企业自动化改造没有弥合技能提升机会的性别差距,制造业企业仍然存在一定的"技术父权"。

Based on our survey and deep interviews on the manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province, this article analyzes gender differences of skill upgrading in the context of "intelligent manufacturing".The study finds that automation increases workers' chances to obtain on-the-job training in machine operation, and hence brings them opportunities of "technology empowerment". However, the survey shows that automation brings more training times for male workers than for female workers, which leads to wider gender gap between male and female in skill upgrading.Based on our interviews, management and workers distinguish male capacity and female capacity with different value, and hence shape the gender division of labor in the workplace, which further affects workers' training opportunities for female workers.Therefore, the current intelligent manufacturing trend and automation have not filled the gender gap of skill upgrading, and a certain degree of "technology patriarchy" still exists.