汉英分数表达法比较及其类型学考察

A Systematic Structural Comparison Between Chinese and English Fractional Numerals and a Typological Deduction

汉英两种语言的分数表达法都可以分为一般形式和特称形式。就一般形式来看,汉语只有一种结构,其它都可看作简略形式。英语有三种结构,其中的一种结构的分母形式是名词性很强的序数词。两种语言分数表达法的一般形式分别反映了它们各自所在文化的一贯特征。而它们的分数特称的分母要么数值较小、要么就是与数词基的数值相关,它们之所以成其为分数特称的原因是,来自其它语言的借词的影响、语言内部词汇意义的影响以及词汇意义的发展。在比较两者的基础上可以进行初步类型学推演,得出一些可能的结论,为中国境内少数民族语言数词的类型学研究提供参考。

Both Chinese and English have ordinary and special forms of fractional numerals. Chinese has only one kind of ordinary fractional numerals structure and other forms are abridged ones of the kind. English has three kinds, while the denominator of the first kind is a nominalized ordinal. Ordinary fractional numerals of the two languages reflected the consistent features of their cultures respectively. Numerical values of the denominators of special fractional numerals of the two languages are either small or related to bases. Special fractional numerals appear because of the following reasons: borrowed words from other languages;influence from other words within the same language and development of lexical meaning. The systemic comparison can be a foundation of a preliminary typological deduction.