水与船:唐代商妇诗的意象与流变

Water and Boat: Image and Its Evolution in Poem about Merchant’s Wife in the Tang Dynasty

“水”与“船”是唐代商妇诗的重要意象。在李白的作品中,“水”主要承载着商妇的思情;中唐之后,在张潮等人的作品中,“水”与“船”时常共现,作为诗歌的起兴之物,“视船离”与“望船归”成为商妇诗中的典型场景,这组意象所蕴含的情感质素也日愈多元化;白居易的《琵琶行》别开生面,使这对喻体拥有了哲学层面的内涵。总体而言,唐代商妇诗中的“水”与“船”意象,经历了从触媒到人物合一、情景交融,从具象到内涵意蕴不断丰富、深化的过程,这个过程与商妇诗在唐代中期以后变得情感多元化和对商妇复杂心灵世界的展示趋势相一致。

“Water” and “boat” are important images in poems that mainly describe the merchant’s wife in Tang dynasty. In Li Bai’s poems,“water” mainly bears the thought of the merchant’s wife. After the Middle Tang dynasty, in the poems of Zhang Chao and other poets,“water” and “boat” often appeare together, as a stimulant of poetry, and “seeing the boat away” and “expecting the boat to return” become typical scenes, the emotional quality contained in this group of images is also increasingly diversified. Bai Juyi’s “Song of a Pipa Player” is unique, which includes a philosophical connotation in the two metaphors. In general, the images of “water” and “boat” in poems about the merchant’s wife in the Tang dynasty experience a process from the catalyst to the integration of feeling and natural setting, and from the embodiment to the constant enrichment and deepening of connotation, which is consistent with the trend that this kind of poetry became emotionally diversified and show the complicated spiritual world of the merchant’s wife after the Middle Tang Dynasty.