破骨细胞研究新进展

Advances in the research on osteoclasts

破骨细胞是起源于骨髓单核细胞的多核细胞,成熟的破骨细胞位于骨小梁和骨皮质内表面。骨组织稳态受成骨细胞产生的骨形成和破骨细胞引起的骨吸收之间的平衡调节。然而在病理状态下,多种因素,包括肿瘤坏死因子超家族配体和炎性蛋白质等都促进破骨细胞的形成,使骨代谢失去平衡,导致骨组织过度吸收和过度形成。破骨细胞过度活化常见于骨质疏松症,自身免疫性关节炎等骨代谢疾病。破骨细胞功能障碍同样会导致如石骨症等疾病。因此,破骨细胞是骨代谢疾病预防和治疗方面的重要靶点。随着研究的深入,近年来有关破骨细胞的研究有了新的发现。本文就破骨细胞最新研究进展做一综述。

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that differentiate from bone marrow mononuclear cells. Mature osteoclasts are located on the inner surface of the trabecular bone and cortical bone. Steady state of bone tissue is regulated by the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. However, under pathological conditions, various factors including tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands and inflammatory proteins, promote the formation of osteoclasts, which could cause imbalance of bone metabolism, leading to the excessive bone resorption and bone remodeling. Osteoclastic hyperactivity is commonly seen in osteoporosis, autoimmune arthritis, and other bone metabolic diseases. Dysfunction of osteoclasts also causes diseases such as osteopetrosis. Therefore, osteoclasts are important targets for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolism diseases. With the deepening of research, new researches on osteoclasts have been made in recent years. This article summarizes the latest research progress in osteoclasts.