利用微电极阵列技术研究合金的腐蚀

Microelectrode Array Technology Used for Investigating the Corrosion of Alloys

随着工业水平的不断发展与提高,合金材料的使用量亦不断增大。然而合金材料的腐蚀问题在工业生产及生态环境中造成了不可估量的损失。为此,国内外学者已经开展了大量关于合金腐蚀机理与防护方面的研究,并取得了一定的进展。微电极阵列技术是一种介于宏观的经典电化学技术和微区扫描探针技术之间的新型电化学测试方法。它既能获取合金大面积电极的整体平均信息,又能探测合金局部微小区域内的电位、电流分布特征,能更加准确地测试合金局部腐蚀过程中非均一的电化学信息。随着国内外学者的不断研究与开发,现已实现微电极阵列的优化。该技术联合其他电化学测试技术和表面科学技术等方法,不断丰富了合金/腐蚀溶液界面的物理、化学及电化学信息。近几年,大量专家学者采用该微电极阵列技术与其他测试技术相结合的方法研究了常用合金在不同环境和腐蚀状态下的局部腐蚀过程及机理,并取得了重要的研究进展。其中,对异材质金属的电偶腐蚀行为及演变规律的研究取得了重大突破。此外,实时耦合的多电极阵列传感器(CMAS)探针的开发应用,对合金局部腐蚀的在线监/检测起到了举足轻重的作用。本文主要综述了微电极阵列技术在研究合金的电偶腐蚀、表面涂层失效、腐蚀环境的影响方面的进展,探讨了微电极阵列技术在表征合金局部电化学不均一性方面的优势与不足,并对其进行了总结和展望。

With the booming development and improvement of the industries,the employment of alloy materials also increases.However,the corrosion problem of alloy materials has caused incalculable losses to industrial production and ecological environment.In order to reduce the da-mage and impact of various aspects caused by alloy corrosion,domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of researches on alloy corrosion mechanism and protection,and some research progress has been made.Microelectrode array technology is a new type of electrochemical test method between macroscopic classical electrochemical technology and micro-area scanning probe technology.It can not only obtain the overall average information of the large-area electrode of the alloy,but also detect the characteristics of potential and current distribution in the local micro-area of the alloy.Compared with the macroscopic classical electrochemical technology,it can more accurately test the heterogeneous electrochemical information in the local corrosion process of the alloy.The optimization of such microelectrode arrays has been realized with the continuous research and development of scholars at home and abroad.By the combination of other electrochemical testing techniques and surface science and technology methods,the physical,chemical and electrochemical information of the alloy/corrosion solution interface has been enriched.In recent years,a great deal of experts and scholars have used this microelectrode array technology combined with other testing techniques to study the local corrosion process and mechanism of common alloys under diffe-rent environments and corrosion conditions,and achieved important research progress.The research on the galvanic corrosion behavior and evolution law of different material metals has made a major breakthrough.In addition,the development and application of real-time coupled multi-electrode array sensor(CMAS)probes play an important role in online monitoring/detection of local corrosion of alloys.In this paper,we reviewed the progress of microelectrode array technology in the study of galvanic corrosion,surface coating failure and the influence of corrosion environment on alloy.Then we summarized the merits and demerits of microelectrode array technology in characterizing the local electrochemical heterogeneity of the alloy and the future trend was prospected.