基于AAO模板的高聚物纳米阵列薄膜的研究进展

Research Progress of Polymer Nano-array Thin Films Based on AAO Templates

纳米材料是指特征尺寸或晶体尺寸在纳米级的一种超细材料,是由极其细小的颗粒所组成的固体材料。纳米材料因其纳米尺寸和大比表面积等特点,具有许多独特的物理性质和化学性质,被广泛应用于陶瓷、催化、光学、生物医学、环境保护等领域。纳米材料根据规整程度分为规整纳米材料和非规整纳米材料。非规整纳米材料,如静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维材料,具有较高的长径比,而准确地控制纳米材料的直径或者制备直径小于100 nm的纳米材料仍有较大的困难,并且非规整材料具有较低的结构取向性。而规整纳米材料多以阵列的形式呈现,如纳米棒、纳米柱、纳米纤维、纳米球以及核壳包覆等特殊结构,具有结构高度有序、尺寸一致、结构分布均匀等优点。纳米材料的制备方法根据制备手段主要分为物理法(物理粉碎法和物理凝聚法)和化学法(沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、模板合成法、自组装法)。模板合成法可以精确控制纳米材料尺寸而且模板可以大量复制,因此,规整纳米材料的制备多采用模板合成法。近年来,以高聚物纳米阵列为敏感元件制备的柔性传感器、纳米发电机、超级电容器和生物医学检测器件等因具有高灵敏度、高精度和小型化等优点而备受关注。本文对多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板和高聚物纳米阵列薄膜的制备方法进行了系统的概述,并对高聚物纳米阵列制备方法的优缺点和应用进行了归纳,还探讨了高聚物纳米阵列的现存问题和应用前景,为AAO模板和高聚物纳米阵列薄膜的制备及应用提供了参考。

Nanomaterials refer to an ultra-fine material with a characteristic size or crystal size on the order of nanometers,which is a solid material composed of extremely fine particles. Due to the nanometer size and large specific surface area,nanomaterials have many unique physical and chemical properties,which are widely used in ceramics,catalysis,optics,biomedicine,environmental protection and other fields.Nanomaterials are classified into regular nanomaterials and irregular nanomaterials according to the degree of regularity. Non-regular nanomaterials,such as nanofiber materials prepared by electrospinning,have a high aspect ratio. However,the diameter accuracy of nanofibers having a diameter of less than 100 nm is very difficult. Moreover,the irregular nanomaterials have a low structural orientation. The regular nanomaterials are generally presented in the form of arrays,such as nanorods,nanopillars,nanofibers,nanospheres,and core-shell structure,which have the advantages of high order structure,uniform size,and uniform distribution of nanostructures.The preparation method of the nanomaterial is mainly classified into a physical method( physical pulverization method and physical coagulation method) and a chemical method( precipitation method,sol-gel method,template synthesis method,self-assembly method) according to the preparation means. The size of the nanomaterials produced by the template synthesis method can be precisely controlled,and the template can be reused in a large amount. Therefore,the template synthesis method is often used to prepare regular nanomaterials. In recent years,flexible sensors,nano-generators,supercapacitors,and biomedical detection devices,which are prepared by using nano-array as sensitive components,have attracted much attention due to their high sensitivity,high precision,and miniaturization.In this paper,the preparation methods of porous anodized aluminum oxide( AAO) template and polymer nano-array film are systematically summarized. The advantages,disadvantages and applications of the polymer nano-array film preparation method are summarized. The existing problems and application prospects of polymer nano-array film are also discussed,which provides a reference for the preparation and application of AAO template and polymer nano-array.