扎尕梁特长公路隧道通风方案比选研究

Comparison and Selection of Ventilation Schemes for Zhagaliang Extra-long Highway Tunnel

为找到一种更加适合单洞双向行车特长公路隧道的通风方案,解决此类隧道排烟困难、人员疏散逃生困难的问题,结合具体工程,针对扎尕梁特长公路隧道的特点,提出合流型通风井排出式+射流风机纵向通风、平导压入式网络通风以及射流风机纵向通风+斜井分段排烟3种通风方案,从土建费用、机电设备初期投资、运营电费、通风控制、通风网络稳定性、通风方案的适用性以及管理维护几个方面对各个通风方案进行比选,通过比较各个方案的优点和缺点,最终给出推荐方案:射流风机纵向通风+斜井分段排烟方案。隧道正常运营工况下,主洞采用全射流纵向通风,实现按需通风;火灾工况下利用排烟斜井进行排烟,解决平导排烟只能分2段排烟的问题;利用平行导洞进行人员的疏散逃生和救援,解决人员疏散逃生问题。

In order to select a suitable ventilation scheme for a single-tube extra-long highway tunnel with two-way traffic, as well as to solve problems in smoke exhaust and personnel evacuation in such tunnel, 3 ventilation schemes are proposed. According to the characteristics of Zhagaliang extra-long highway tunnel, the 3 ventilation schemes include confluent ventilation with exhaust shaft and longitudinal ventilation with jet fans, parallel pilot tunnel forced ventilation network, and longitudinal ventilation with jet fans and sectional smoke exhaust by inclined shaft. The ventilation schemes are compared from several aspects, i. e. civil construction cost, initial investment of mechanical and electrical equipment, electricity cost during tunnel operation, ventilation control, stability of ventilation network, applicability, management and maintenance. Finally, the most suitable ventilation scheme is selected by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme, i. e. longitudinal ventilation with jet fans and sectional smoke exhaust by inclined shaft. Under the normal operation condition of the tunnel, longitudinal ventilation with jet fans is adopted in the main tunnel, and on-demand ventilation can be realized. Smoke can be exhausted by inclined shaft in case of fire, which can solve the problem of smoke exhaust only in two sections by the parallel pilot tunnel. The parallel pilot tunnel can also be used for personnel evacuation and rescue.