2Porter, M E. The Competitive Advantage of Nations[ M ]. New York : Free Press, 1990:33 - 132.
3Douglas Webster, Larissa Muller. Urban Competitiveness Assess- ment in Developing Country Urban Regions: the Road Forward [J]. Paper Prepared for Urban Group, INFUD, The World Bank ,2000 : 13 - 59.
4Begg I. Cities and Competitiveness [ J]. Urban Studies, 1999 (36) :759 -809.
5Peter Karl Kresl, P P Proulx. Montreal's Place in the North A- merican Economy [ J ]. American Review of Canadian Studies, 2000(3) :283 -314.
6Taylor, P J. World City Network: a Global Urban Analysis [ M ]. New York : Routledge,2004:7 - 26.
7Castells M. The Rise of Network Society [ M ]. 2nd. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000 : 409 - 459.
8Sassen S. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo[ M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press,1991:3 -16.
9Taylor, P J. Competition and Cooperation between Cities in Glo- balization[ R]. GaWC Research Bulletin,No. 351,2010.
10Stanley B. Middle East City Networks and ' the New Urbanism' [ J], Cities,2005 (3) : 189 - 199.