高速列车油压减振器阻尼特性仿真及研究

Simulation and Research on Damping Characteristics of Hydraulic Damper for High-speed Train

为进行高速列车油压减振器阻尼特性的仿真研究,依据活塞孔径设计值和阻尼阀设计参数,在液压计算软件Msc.easy5中建立二系横向油压减振器的液压系统模型。通过仿真计算与试验数据对比,验证减振器液压控制模型的实际可用性。抽取液压系统模型中活塞复原阀、流通阀孔径和底座补偿阀弹簧刚度等阀系设计参数,进行分析研究。结果表明:改变活塞常通孔孔径对阻尼性能影响较大,阻尼变化最大均出现在压缩行程,阻尼力上升了1.631kN,最大上升幅度约109%;压缩行程、复原行程产生的力值受活塞流通阀、复原阀系参数影响较大,力值最大变化幅度为0.312kN;补偿阀弹簧刚度增加会导致示功图出现畸形,提出了解决的方法。

In order to simulate and study the damping characteristics of oil dampers for high-speed trains,the hydraulic system model of the secondary transverse oil dampers was established in the hydraulic calculation software Msc.easy5 according to the piston aperture design value and the design parameters of the damper valve.The actual availability of the hydraulic control model of shock absorber was verified based on the comparison between the simulation calculation and the test data.The design parameters of piston recovery valve,orifice diameter of flow valve and spring stiffness of base compensation valve in the hydraulic system model were extracted and analyzed.The results show that changing the diameter of the piston’s normal bore has a great influence on the damping performance.The maximum damping change occurs in the compression stroke,with the increase of damping force by 1.631 kN,and a maximum increase of about 109%.The force produced by compression stroke and recovery stroke is greatly influenced by the parameters of piston flow valve and recovery valve system,with a maximum force variation of 0.312 kN.Increasing spring stiffness of compensating valve will lead to malformation of indicator diagram.Based on the malformed indicator diagram,a solution is proposed.