曲阜孔氏族长的选任方式与原则

The Ways and Principles of Selecting and Appointing the Confucius Patriarch in Qufu

族长是中国传统社会中家族的核心领导成员。曲阜孔氏族长既有着宗族族长之共性,又因曲阜孔氏政治地位之特殊,家族权力之庞盛,具有其个性。曲阜孔氏族长的选任方式的独特性主要体现在不仅受宗族宗子意愿的作用,也受到皇权的影响,因而既有由衍圣公择选的定制,也有由皇帝亲自任命的特例;在曲阜孔氏族长的选任原则上,有"尊"、"长"、"德"、"才"等条件,其各项选任标准不只是强化于一般宗族,还有着自己独特的重要性排序。

Patriarch,the core leader of the family in Chinese feudal society.The Confucius patriarch in Qufu not only has the commonality of the clan patriarchs,but also has its own characteristic because of the special political status and prosperous family power of Confucius family in Qufu.The uniqueness of the ways to select the patriarch of Qufu Confucius family is embodied in that it is not only decided by the family's entropy eldest son,but also the influence of the imperial power including the rules made by Yan Shenggong and the special cases appointed by the emperor himself.In principle of selection of the patriarch of Qufu Confucius family,there are some conditions including "honour","elder","morality","capability".The selection standards are not only the reinforcement of other clans,but also have their own unique order of importance.