藏传佛教吐蕃时期中观分派再考

Rethinking of the Division of Tibetan Buddhist Mādhyamika Schools in Tubo Period

学界目前普遍接受印度中观学派被分为中观自续派和中观应成派,中观自续派又分为经部行中观自续派和瑜伽行中观自续派。日本学者梶山雄一认为“应成派(Prāsangika)”和“自续派(Svātantrika)”不见于印度梵文文献,可能是藏族学者所作的分类。而日本学者御牧克己则认为“自续派(Svātantrika)”“应成派(Prāsangika)”“瑜伽行中观(Yogācāra-mādhyamika)”“经部行中观(Sautrāntika-mādyamika)”皆是藏族学者的创造,但是莲花戒的《中观庄严论释难》则显示,梶山雄一的观点是正确的,而御牧克己的观点则仍有可商榷之处。

It is well known in academia that Mādhyamaka school can be divided into Svātantrika-Mādhyamaka and Prasa · n gika- Mādhyamaka, and Svātantrika-Mādhyamaka can be further divided into Yogācāra-Svātantrika- Mādhyamaka and Sautrāntika- Svātantrika- Mādhyamaka. Japanese scholar, Y. Kajiyama, thought that Svātantrika-Mādhyamaka and Prasa · n gika-Mādhyamaka were not seen in Sanskrit literature, thus held the idea that it was created by Tibetan scholar. Another Japanese scholar, Katsumi Mimaki, thought that vātantrika-Mādhyamaka, Prasa · n gika- Mādhyamaka, Yogācāra-Svātantrika-Mādhyamaka and Sautrāntika- Svātantrika-Mādhyamaka were all created by Tibetan scholars. However, this paper thinks that the Kamala · n īla’s literatures can only prove the idea that Y. Kajiyama is right, and Katsumi Mimaki’s idea still have room to be discussed.