重大劳动安全事故罪的司法逻辑——基于106件裁判文书的考察

Judicial Logic of the Crime of Major Labor Safety Accidents:The Investigation of 106 Referee Documents

重大劳动安全事故罪是劳动者职业安全权刑法保护机能扩张的表现,但是刑罚介入的关口和量刑幅度与劳动刑法出场的应然姿态不符。司法处理这一难题的过程中逐步发展出"前置违法"的重刑化和"事后态度"的轻缓化,淡化了安全生产单位自我管理的实现和事故预防的效果。为了解决这一问题,在刑事司法逻辑上,一方面应当通过对犯罪情节加重的认定,强化事故的预防和自我管理的实现,有效发挥刑罚的预防功能;另一方面,还应当通过适度地重刑化来实现刑罚的保障功能。如此,在现有制度规范内,有助于变"注重实害处罚"为"强化危险消除"。

In the process of judicial handling of this difficult problem,the severe punishment of "pre-discrimination"and the mitigation of "post-event attitude"have been gradually developed,which has weakened the realization of self-management of safety production enterprises and the effect of accident prevention. In order to solve this problem,in the criminal justice logic,on the one hand,through the identification of the aggravation of the crime,strengthen the prevention of accidents and the realization of self-management,effectively play the preventive function of punishment;on the other hand,it should also be moderately criminalization to achieve the guarantee function of punishment. In this way,within the existing system norms,it is helpful to change "focus on practical punishment"as "enhanced danger elimination".