天、君、儒:构建神学政治思想基础的三角哲学

Heaven-King-Confucians:A Philosophy Triangle for Constructing Theological and Political Ideology

汉代大儒董仲舒审时度势,提出了"天人三策"理论,这种理论的背后,反映的是董仲舒所秉持的"天""君""儒"三角关系哲学。在这种三角哲学里,天授权于君,君分权于儒,儒诠释于天;反过来,天受制于儒的解释,儒受制于君的管制,君受制于天的安排。董仲舒的三角哲学吸纳神学,天是至上的神性之天,君是赋予了神学的政治实体,儒则游离于信仰与理性之间,充当了这种权力制衡理论的设计者。儒学以三角哲学为基础,神体儒用,熔炼百家,多重发展,最后形成了支撑汉代意识形态的神学政治思想体系。

Dong Zhongshu,a great Confucian in the Han Dynasty,after studying and weighing the situation at that time, put forward the theory of "Tian Ren San Ce",which reflected his philosophy triangle of "Heaven","king" and "Confucians".In this philosophy,Heaven empowered the king,the king decentralized power to Confucians,and Confucians interpreted Heaven;conversely,Heaven was subject to the interpretation of Confucians,Confucians were subject to the control of the king,the king was subject to the arrangement of Heaven.Dong Zhongshu's philosophy triangle absorbed the theory of theology,holding that Heaven was supreme divine,the king was political entity endowed with theology,and Confucians were free from belief and reason and acted as the designer of power balance. Confucianism was based on philosophy triangle,using the theory of theology to develop hundreds of schools,and finally formed the theological and political ideological system,which was the support of the ideology in the Han Dynasty.