试论自然环境因素对海洋沉船考古的影响

On the Influence of Natural Environmental Factors on the Archaeology of Marine Sunken Ships

海洋沉船考古是考古工作者以海底沉船为研究对象,借助潜水装备,到海底调查和发掘沉船遗址的活动。考古围绕沉船海域开展水面水下作业,因此,分析海洋气象、水文、海底地形等环境因素对沉船考古的影响有重要意义。文章结合汕头南澳I号、唐山东坑坨I号等沉船考古案例,分析诸因素对海洋沉船考古工作的影响,探讨相应对策,以供今后海洋沉船考古参考。

Marine wreck archaeology is based on the study of submarine wrecks, using diving equipment to investigate and excavate shipwreck sites on the seabed. Archaeology carries out surface and underwater operations around the wrecked sea area. Therefore, it is important to analyze the influence of environmental factors such as marine meteorology, hydrology and seabed topography on the wrecked ship archaeology. Based on the archaeological cases of wrecks such as Nanao I in Shantou and Dongkengtuo I in Tangshan, this paper analyses the influence of various factors on the archaeological work of marine wrecks, and explores countermeasures for the reference of future marine wreck archaeology.