西夏文《大宝积经》卷十“密迹金刚力士会”考释——兼论西夏时期的金刚力士形象

Interpretation of Mahā ratna kū■a sūtra(《大宝积经》)Volume Ten in Tangut Script: Also about Images of Guhyapāda Vajrah in Xixia Period

《大宝积经》是大乘佛教的重要经典,其中的《密迹金刚力士会》是《大宝积经》重要的组成部分。西夏文《大宝积经》卷十为《密迹金刚力士会》的第三品,其内容主要阐述如来身密、口密和意密。其西夏本残缺,留存部分只剩下讲述如来身密的部分。以《大正藏》汉文本为底本,采用“四行对译法”对西夏本的《大宝积经》卷十部分进行翻译和校对,对原文中出现的讹、脱、衍、倒等情况逐一进行说明及论证。密迹金刚力士为佛教的护法形象,西夏时期的壁画多有体现,在佛释迦涅槃经变的绘制中,西夏中后期因受到辽金佛教以及藏密的影响,西夏的密迹金刚形象显示出“显密圆融”的特点。

Mahā ratna kū ta sūtra is one of the most important sutras of Mahayana. And Guhyapāda vajrah is one of the most important parts of Mahā ratna kū ta sūtra . Volume ten of Mahā ratna kū ta sūtra in Tangut script belongs to the third part of Guhyapāda vajrah, which tells k ya-guhya, v g-guhya, mano-guhya of Buddha. The Tangut version is incomplete which only the part about k ya-guhya remains. Based on the Chinese version, the method of "four lines interpretation" is used to translate and proofread the volume ten of Mahā ratna kū ta sūtra in Tangut script. The problems such as mistakes, missing parts, redundancies and reversal of this volume are corrected. Images as a guard of Buddha and Buddhist doctrine, Guhyapāda vajrah were discovered in Xixia's wall paintings whose theme is about Buddha's death. With the impact of Liao, Jin and Tibet's Buddhism, the images of Guhyapāda vajrah show the quality of "harmony of exoteric and esoteric".