考虑动态购票需求的高速铁路票额分配

High-speed Railway Ticket Allocation Considering Dynamic Ticket Booking Demand

针对预售期内不同OD旅客购票行为及其购票过程的差异性,在利用复合非齐次泊松过程对不同OD旅客购票过程进行定量化研究的基础上,以铁路部门和旅客的系统效益最大化为目标,构建了考虑不同OD旅客动态购票需求特点的高速铁路多列车票额分配随机非线性整数规划模型,通过需求仿真将模型转化成确定性线性整数规划模型并利用Lingo 12.0进行求解。以京沪高铁列车为例进行购票过程仿真,结果表明:与先到先得的购票策略及不考虑动态购票需求的方案相比,本文构建的模型能使铁路部门和旅客的系统效益分别提高约5.2%和13%;并且本方案能在充分利用列车席位能力的前提下,更好地适应旅客不同售票阶段的购票需求特点。所构建模型能够为高速铁路多列车票额分配提供优化方法。

Aiming at the differences of ticket booking behavior and ticket booking process among passengers with different OD(origin-destination) during the pre-sale period, the quantitative study of the ticket booking process of passengers with different OD was carried out using compound non-homogeneous Poisson process. The stochastic nonlinear integer programming model was established for ticket allocation of multiple high-speed trains by considering the dynamic characteristic of ticket booking demand of passengers with different OD, with the aim of maximizing the system revenue of the railway company and the passengers. The model was transformed into the deterministic linear integer programming model by demand simulation, which was solved by Lingo 12.0. The simulation of ticket booking process was carried out against the example of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed trains. The results show that the system revenue of the railway company and passengers is increased by about 5.2% compared with the first-come-first-serve ticket purchase scheme and 13% compared with the scheme without considering dynamic ticket booking demand. The ticket allocation scheme considering dynamic ticket booking demand proposed in this paper can make full use of the capacity of train seats and better meet the characteristics of booking demand at different booking stages. The proposed model can provide an optimization method for ticket allocation of multiple high-speed trains.