明清时期琉球来闽勤学及其历史贡献

Qinxue Coming from Ryukyu to Fujian in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Their Historical Contribution

明清时期,琉球来华的留学生分为官生和勤学两类。勤学主要在闽读书习礼和学习专业技能,他们一般作为使团的随从或下属来闽,有的担任福州琉球馆存留役员,有的还会被任命为通事,通事的职能有陪同琉球使团进京朝贡、迎接册封使、护送漂风难民回琉球等。勤学回国后不仅推动了琉球经济、社会、文化的进步,还促进了中琉两国间的朝贡关系和友好关系的发展。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Ryukyuan students came to China as “Guansheng” and “Qinxue”. Qinxue learned books,etiquette and professional skills in Fujian. They went to Fujian as followers or subordinates of the mission,some of them were appointed as reserved members of the Ryukyu Hall in Fuzhou,some of them were appointed as interpreters to go to the capital city with the Ryukyuan missons to pay tribute to the imperial court,or welcome diplomatic envoys,or send refugees back to Ryukyu. After returning to Ryukyu from China,they not only promoted the economic,social and cultural progress of Ryukyu,but also promoted the development of the tributary relation and the friendly relation between China and Ryukyu.