刑事比附类推纵论——纪念1979年《刑法》诞生四十周年

Theory on Chinese Criminal Comparison and Analogy:Commemorating the Fortieth Anniversary of the Enactment of the 79 Criminal Law

所谓的刑事比附类推,是指在刑法无明文规定或规定明显有漏洞或偏颇的情况下,以类比推理的方法和法律规定的程序,比照依附最相类似的刑法条文、判例甚至经义,对一些刑事疑难案件进行出罪或入罪的一种法律机制。刑事比附类推起源于周秦,发展于汉唐,延续于明清,承袭于现代,可谓源远流长。刑事比附类推之所以能在中国历史上绵亘数千年,与它所具有的独特的法律功能有关。经过分析可知,刑事比附类推有弥补刑法条文漏洞、纠正刑法条文偏颇和延长刑法条文生命的功能。虽然我国现行《刑法》中没有规定比附类推条款,但从学术上进行满足实践需求和学术创新的探索仍是有必要的。

The so-called criminal comparison and analogy refers to a legal mechanism for conviction in difficult criminal cases,which according to the most similar criminal law provisions,precedents and even Confucianism by the method of analogical reasoning and the procedures prescribed by law,in the case that the criminal law has no explicit provisions or provisions that are obviously flawed or biased.China’s criminal analogy was originated from Zhou and Qin dynasties,developed in Han and Tang Dynasties,continued in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and inherited in modern times.It can be said to have a long history.The reason why criminal comparison and analogy can be used in Chinese history for thousands of years is related to its unique legal function.After analysis,it can be seen that the criminal comparison and analogy has the function of making up for the loopholes in the criminal law,correcting the bias of the criminal law and prolonging the life of the criminal law.Although the analogy clause in the 1979 Criminal Law was abolished,we can still find the actuality,the necessity and the inevitability of the existence of the criminal comparison and analogy.