环境规制、环境污染与居民健康——基于调节效应与空间溢出效应分析

Environmental Regulation, Environmental Pollution and the Health of Residents——The Analysis of Mediating Effect and Spatial Spillover Effect

本文在Grossman健康生产函数的基础上,通过引入环境污染、环境规制等因素,利用2005-2015年中国30个省份(地区)(除西藏外)的面板数据,实证检验了政府环境规制对环境污染与居民健康关系的调节效应以及环境污染与环境规制空间溢出效应对居民健康的影响大小和作用方式。研究发现:(1)环境质量越差、污染程度越高,死亡率越高,居民健康状况越差。(2)环境规制正向调节环境污染和死亡率的关系,具有缓解环境健康风险的作用。(3)环境规制和环境污染的健康效应均具有明显的空间溢出性。居民健康不仅受到本地区环境污染和环境规制的影响,还受到周边地区污染物排放总量和政府环境规制强度的制约。根据研究结果,本文提出增强环境规制强度、落实环境规制政策,提高环境规制决策与实施中周边政府的参与度、增强省际地域间环境污染负外部性的管控和治理以及加强源头降污、形成区域治污、环保责任落实到人等四项政策建议。

On the basis of the health production function of Grossman, with the introduction of factors such as environmental pollution and government regulation, using 2005-2015 panel data of 30 provinces(regions) of China, the paper empirically tests the mediating effect of environmental regulation on the relationship of pollution and residents’ health, and tests the size and way of spatial spillover effects of pollution and regulation on mortality. The research finds that: the worse the environmental quality and the higher the pollution degree are, the worse the residents’ health and the higher the mortality level are;environmental regulation can weaken the positive relationship between pollution and mortality and alleviate the risks of environmental pollution on health;the health effects of environmental regulation and pollution have obvious spatial spillover. Residents’ health is not only affected by local environmental pollution and regulations, but also restricted by the total amount of pollutants discharged from surrounding areas and the intensity of government environmental regulations. According to the research results, this paper proposes four policy recommendations, including enhancing the intensity of environmental regulation, implementing environmental regulation policies, improving the participation of surrounding governments in decision-making and implementation of environmental regulation, enhancing the control and governance of negative externalities of environmental pollution across provinces and regions, and strengthening pollution control at the source, forming regional pollution control and responsibility for environmental protection.