监察体制改革与人民监督员制度重塑

Supervision System Reform and the Institutional Reconstruction of People’s Supervisor System

人民监督员制度本是检察机关办理职务犯罪案件的监督机制。国家监察体制改革后职务犯罪调查权转移至监察委员会,人民监督员制度受到冲击,亟待转型重塑。在法理层面,基于司法民主的要求,人民监督员制度应定位为检察工作的外部监督机制,而非职务犯罪调查的外部监督机制;在观念层面,要理顺监察体制改革与司法体制改革的关系,通过深化司法改革解决监察体制改革后的遗留问题;在操作层面,要因应"捕诉合一"制度改革,将人民监督员的监督重点放在检察机关的批捕与起诉行为上。在人民监督员制度内部改革方面,要确保监督评议过程的独立性,增强监督评议结果的约束力,并注重保障人民监督员的知情权、监督权以及人身权,从而实现人民监督员制度的功能回归。

With the promotion of national supervision system reform, the investigative power of duty-related crimes is released to the supervisory committee, causing an impact on people’s supervisor system and shaking the operational foundation. People’s supervisor system, the product of judicial democracy, is the external supervising mechanism of prosecutorial work rather than the one of non-duty-related crimes. It is necessary to straighten out the relation between supervision system reform and judicial system reform, conforming to the mechanism adjustment of "unity of arresting and litigating" which means to stress the supervisory of people supervisors on the action of ratifying the arrest and introducing legal proceedings on ordinary criminal cases of the investigating and prosecuting apparatus.