十八大以来我国教育扶贫实施的成效、问题及展望——基于中西部6省18个扶贫开发重点县(区)的调查

Achievements, Problems and Prospects of the Implementation of Education Poverty Alleviation in China——Based on the Survey of 18 Key Poverty-Alleviation Counties (Districts) in 6 Provinces of Central and Western China

教育扶贫是最直接最有效的精准扶贫。对中西部6省18个扶贫开发重点县(区)180余所农村中小学的实地调查表明,十八大以来我国教育扶贫已经取得了初步成效:构建了从学前教育到高等教育的家庭经济困难学生"全覆盖"的资助体系;贫困地区学生营养不良的问题得到明显缓解;有效弥补了学校基础设施建设的短板;实现了贫困地区城乡义务教育共享式发展;加强了贫困地区教师队伍建设。同时,当前教育扶贫还面临不少问题:忽视了教育扶贫的长期性和艰巨性;精准识别机制相对滞后;学校软件建设相对不足;对贫困生全面发展和内生激励重视不够;对贫困生群体的帮扶措施单一化和平均化等。为此,本文提出加强教育扶贫政策的顶层设计,重视贫困生的全面发展和内生激励,注重提升学校教育质量等对策建议。

Education poverty alleviation is the most direct and effective way of targeted poverty alleviation. Based on the survey of 180 rural primary and secondary schools in 18 key poverty-alleviation counties(districts) of 6 provinces in central and western China, it is found that the education poverty alleviation has achieved preliminary success: a "full coverage" financial assistance system for impoverished students ranging from preschool education to higher education has been established;the problem of students’ malnutrition in poverty-stricken areas has been alleviated;the shortage of infrastructure construction in rural schools has been covered;the shared development of urban-rural compulsory education has been realized;the construction of teaching staff in rural poverty-stricken areas has been strengthened. At the same time, there are still many problems in education poverty alleviation, the overlook of the long-term and arduous nature of education poverty alleviation, the relatively lagging of the targeted identification mechanism in poverty alleviation, the relatively insufficient investment in software construction in rural schools, the less attention paid to the all-round development and endogenous motivation of impoverished students, and the relative simplification and equalization of the support measures for impoverished students. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions: strengthen the top-level design of the policy of education poverty alleviation, pay attention to the all-round development and endogenous motivation of impoverished students, and put emphasis on the quality improvement of school education in poverty-stricken areas.