以家庭农场为载体的职业农民创业孵化链研究——基于服务供给视角

Research on the Entrepreneurship Incubation Chain of Professional Farmers with Family Farms——From the Perspective of Service Supply

以家庭农场为载体的职业农民进行创业孵化时,外部环境中的创业孵化主体发挥着重要的作用。从服务供给的视角看,政府扶持农民创业可视为提供一系列政策服务,职业农民在创业过程中需要的各种创业资源是由政府、市场、服务机构等多个主体共同提供的,需要多元主体进行协同与支持。基于此,本文把政府、市场、金融服务机构、中介服务机构、社区五种主体作为职业农民的创业孵化主体,并以此构建了家庭农场职业农民创业活动的五阶段孵化链。通过对湖北省、湖南省及安徽省农村地区的大量家庭农场主的访谈以及问卷数据收集,本文实证分析了创业孵化主体对创业孵化链及内部五阶段创业活动间的不同影响。结果表明,外部孵化主体对职业农民创业过程中的创业意愿、资源获取、创业行为以及创业绩效都有显著正向影响,而对机会识别与评价的影响未通过显著性检验;此外,创业孵化链上每个阶段的创业活动都对下一阶段的创业效果具有显著正向影响。

The main bodies of entrepreneurship incubation in the external environment play an important role in the entrepreneurship incubation of professional farmers with family farms. From the perspective of service supply,the government’s support for farmers’ entrepreneurship can be regarded as providing a series of policy services. The various entrepreneurship resources needed by professional farmers in the process of entrepreneurship are provided jointly by governments,market,service agencies and other main bodies, and need the coordination and support of multiple subjects. This paper regards governments, market, financial service institutions, intermediary service institutions and communities as the main entrepreneurship incubators of professional farmers, and constructs a five-stage entrepreneurship incubation chain of professional farmers with family farms. By interviewing a large number of family farmers in rural areas of Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provinces and collecting questionnaires,this paper empirically analyzes the different impacts of entrepreneurship incubators on entrepreneurship incubation chain and five stages of entrepreneurship activities. The results show that external incubators have a significantly positive impact on entrepreneurial intention, resource acquisition, entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial performance of professional farmers in the process of entrepreneurship, but the impact on opportunity identification and evaluation has not passed the significance test. In addition, entrepreneurship activities in each stage of the entrepreneurship incubation chain have a significantly positive impact on the next stage of entrepreneurship.