奥林匹亚赛会设立“希腊人的裁判”年代考

Dating the Institution of the Hellanodikai in the Olympic Games

保萨尼亚斯《希腊纪行》5.9.5记载说第25届奥林匹亚赛会(公元前680年)上设立了9名"希腊人的裁判"。学者多认为"第25届"系传抄讹误,但其各种校勘意见均存在逻辑缺陷。对赛会胜利者名录等文献和考古资料的综合分析则显示:保萨尼亚斯的这一记载是可靠的;埃利斯人设立"希腊人的裁判",与斯巴达人在赛会上推广"希腊人"族称的活动相关联,是埃利斯人为对抗皮萨人试图夺取赛会管理权的活动而争取斯巴达人支持的一项举措。

Pausanias(5.9.5) records that nine Hellanodikai were installed in the 25 th Olympiad(680 BC),wherein the "25 th" is usually identified as a textual corruption. Various emendations,however,are all logically defective. A synthetic analysis of the List of Olympic Victors as well as other documents and archaeological data demonstrates that Pausanias’ record is tenable.