有机废弃物好氧堆肥过程中微生物及酶活性变化状况综述

REVIEW ON CHANGES OF MICROORGANISMS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES DURING AEROBIC COMPOSTING OF ORGANIC WASTE

系统总结了有机固体废物好氧堆肥化处理过程的调控手段、堆肥各个阶段的微生物群落演替、堆肥过程中酶活性的变化以及臭气的产生情况。堆肥过程中温度变化对微生物的生长繁殖产生显著影响,微生物群落先由嗜温菌演替至嗜热菌,再由嗜热菌演替至嗜温菌,有机物被逐步降解。各种有机物降解需不同酶参与,主要有芳基硫酸酯酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、葡萄糖激酶、纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶等;微生物发酵过程蛋白质的降解产生NH3,厌氧条件下硫酸盐还原菌与产甲烷菌的生命活动产生H2S,氨基酸脱羧作用、厌氧降解及局部厌氧发酵产生挥发性有机物(VOCs),这些臭味物质均会对环境造成二次污染。可以尝试调控微生物酶系统来提高堆肥效率,并阻断发酵过程中臭气物质的产生。

This paper systematically summarized the control methods, microbial community succession, enzyme activity change and odor production in the aerobic composting of organic solid waste.During the composting process, temperature had a significant impact on the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.The microbial community first changed from thermophilic bacteria to thermophilic bacteria, then to thermophilic bacteria, and the organic matter was gradually degraded in the course.Various enzymes were involved in the degradation of organic matters, such as aryl sulfatase, urease, protease, glucose kinase, cellulase, beta-glucosidase, peroxidase, etc.The degradation proteins in the process of microbial fermentation produced NH 3;the life of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens under anaerobic conditions produced H 2S;amino acid decarboxylation, anaerobic degradation and local anaerobic fermentation produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs).All these odors will cause secondary pollution to the environment.It was noted that the microbial enzyme system could be regulated to improve composting efficiency and inhibit odor production during fermentation.