经济不平衡条件约束下，人工智能对就业影响效应研究――以经济发展水平为调节变量

Research on the Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Employment under the Constraint of Economic Imbalance——Taking the Level of Economic Development as the Regulating Variable

近年来,各地区政府把人工智能产业发展上升到战略层面,大力发展人工智能技术,以形成新的经济增长点。本文运用我国31个省市2009—2017年的面板数据,建立线性回归模型,分析人工智能技术对就业的影响效应,探究在不同经济发展水平的区域,人工智能对就业的影响是否具有差异。实证研究结果显示:在短期内,人工智能技术与就业人口呈负相关关系,但其对提升工资水平和劳动力素质具有积极作用;并且,经济发展水平会削弱人工智能技术对工资水平和劳动力素质的积极影响,但对人工智能与就业水平的调节作用不甚显著。本文的研究为政府制定差异化的人工智能产业政策提供了理论支持。

In recent years, the governments of various regions have raised the development of artif icial intelligence industry to a strategic level, and vigorously developed artif icial intelligence technology to form a new economic growth point. In this paper, panel data from 2009 to 2017 of 31 provinces and cities in China were used to establish a linear regression model to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence technology on employment and explore whether the impact of artificial intelligence on employment is different in regions with different levels of economic development. The empirical results show that in the short term, artificial intelligence technology is negatively correlated with the employed population, but it plays a positive role in improving the level of wages and the quality of the labor force. In addition, the level of economic development will weaken the positive influence of artificial intelligence technology on the level of wages and the quality of the labor force, but it does not play a significant role in regulating the level of artificial intelligence and employment. The study of this paper provides theoretical support for the government to develop differentiated AI industrial policies.