“大学新生适应”研究述评与启示

Literature Review on the Adaptation of Freshmen and Its Enlightment

随着全球范围内高等教育大众化的拓展,高校面临生源背景复杂化、学生学习水平参差不齐等局面。由此,高等教育质量特别是大学新生的学习状况成为高等教育领域关注的热点。近年来学界有关大学一年级新生适应的研究,主要是从理论和实证的角度探讨影响新生适应的各种因素以及相应的应对举措。今后的研究应在如下方面着力:在研究工具上提高测试问卷的本土化与科学化,在研究方法上加强历时性研究,在研究对象上纳入国际新生和民办高校学生群体,同时加强应对措施差别化和个性化的研究。

With the global massification of higher education,universities at home and abroad,are taking in students from various families and educational backgrounds.Against the backdrop,how to enhance the quality of higher education,especially the academic perfmormance of the freshmen has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper reviewes both theoretical and empirical studies on the adaptaion of freshmen. Based on the analysis,it is suggested that in the future,research instruments developed in western countries,should be localized in Chinese context;research methods should be diversified,with more longitudinal studies included;international freshmen and students in civilian-run universities and colleges should be focused more;and more personalized help for freshmen should be explored.