两段式收获对花生产量和成熟饱满度的影响

Effects of Two-Step Harvest Type on Yield and Pod Plumpness of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

为探明两段式收获模式下花生产量变化,以不同粒型花生品种为对象,研究田间晾晒不同天数条件下荚果产量和成熟饱满度的变化动态。结果表明:田间晾晒期间,单株产量变化分为两个阶段,大粒型花生品种鲁花14和丰花1号在晾晒1~4 d快速增加;小粒型花生品种济花3号和闽花8号在晾晒1~3 d快速增加,此后,单株产量基本稳定。百果重和百仁重在田间晾晒过程中略有增加,但差异不显著。田间晾晒过程中,花生成熟饱满度显著增加,大粒型品种田间晾晒1~4 d和小粒型品种晾晒1~3 d成熟饱满度快速增加,此后,随晾晒天数增加各品种的饱果率和饱仁率变化较小。大粒型品种田间晾晒4 d左右摘果,小粒型品种田间晾晒3 d左右摘果,增产效果显著,前者增幅大于后者,增产的原因主要是增加了荚果和籽仁成熟饱满度。研究结果为花生两段式收获模式最佳摘果期提供了依据。

In this study, two large-seed peanut cultivars Luhua 14 and Fenghua 1 and two small-seed peanut cultivars Jihua 3 and Minhua 8 were used as test materials. A field study was conducted to investigate yield changes under two-step harvest type and the effects of picking date on yield and pod plumpness of peanut. The results showed that the change of yield per plant could be divided into two stages during airing. The large-seed peanut varieties Luhua 14 and Fenghua 1 increased rapidly in 1~4 days,While the small-seed peanut cultivars Jihua 3 and Minhua 8 increased rapidly during 1 ~ 3 days of drying, and then the yield per plant was basically stable. The hundred-pod weight and hundred-kernel weight increased slightly during the airing process, but the differences were not significant. The pod and kernel plumpness increased significantly during airing, and the plumpness of large-seed varieties increased rapidly after 1 ~ 4 days of drying and small-seed varieties after 1~3 days of drying. After that, the plumpness of peanuts varied slightly with the increase of drying days. In conclusion, When the large-seed cultivars were harvested after airing for about 4 days, and the small-seed cultivars were harvested after airing for about 3 days, the increasing effect of yield was significant,especially the former. It could be mainly contribute to the increase of pod and kernel plumpness. All these results provided evidences for the best picking time of two-stage harvest type in peanut.