适宜花生玉米6∶6间作模式的品种筛选研究

Screening of Varieties Suitable for 6∶6 Intercropping Mode of Peanut and Maize

为选出适宜花生玉米6∶6间作模式的耐荫高产花生品种和耐密高产玉米品种,2018年对31个花生品种和4个玉米品种进行筛选试验。结果表明:在6∶6间作模式下,31个参试花生品种的主茎高在35.49~57.86 cm之间,侧枝长在29.29~59.51 cm之间,分枝数在4.85~9.50个之间,平均产量为2 415.75~3 503.25 kg/hm^2,花生间作/单作产量比在28.34%~54.75%之间,玉米间作/单作产量比在53.84%~73.37%之间。通过边行效应分析发现,6∶6间作的花生植株性状和产量表现为边3﹥边2﹥边1,或边3、边2>边1,玉米的产量表现为边1﹥边2﹥边3,花生和玉米的边行效应显著。综合花生的植株性状和产量分析得知:主茎高﹤侧枝长的品种有13个:扶花2号、吉花19、花育23、花育34、花育64、花育63、花育1607、花育967、豫花22、豫花109、豫花102、远杂12和潍花8号,其中主茎高﹤50 cm、分枝数少于8个且平均间作产量高于吉林省花生平均产量(3 390.0×50%=1 695 kg/hm^2)的花生品种有5个:吉花19、豫花109、豫花102、远杂12和潍花8号。综合玉米产量及LER值表现认为,适宜6∶6间作模式的玉米品种为吉单558。

In order to select peanut varieties with shade tolerance and high yield and maize varieties with high-density tolerance and high yield suitable for 6∶6 intercropping pattern, 31 peanut varieties and 4 maize varieties were screened in 2018. The results showed that under 6∶6 intercropping mode, the main stem height of 31 peanut varieties was between 35.49~57.86 cm, the lateral branch length was between 29.29~59.51 cm, the branch number was between 4.85~9.50, the average yield was between 2 415.75~3 503.25 kg/hm^2, the yield ratio of peanut intercropping to monoculture was between 28.34%~54.75%, and that of maize intercropping to monoculture was between 53.84%~73.37%. Through the edge effect analysis, the plant characters and yield of peanut in 6∶6 intercropping mode showed the third border row>the second border row>the first border row or the third border row and the second border row>the first border row, and the yield of maize was the first border row>the second border row>the third border row. The edge effect of peanut and maize were significant. By comprehensive analysis, there were 13 peanut varieties with the main stem height less than the lateral branch length: Fuhua 2, Jihua 19, Huayu 23, Huayu 34, Huayu 64, Huayu 63, Huayu 1607, Huayu 967, Yuhua 22, Yuhua 109, Yuhua 102, Yuanza 12 and Weihua 8. Among these varieties, there were five peanut varieties with the main stem height less than 50 cm, the number of branches less than 8 and the average intercropping yield higher than the average yield of Jilin Province(3 390.0×50%=1 695 kg/hm^2):Jihua 19, Yuhua 109, Yuhua 102, Yuanza 12 and Weihua 8. According to the yield and LER value of maize, the maize variety suitable for 6∶6 intercropping pattern was Jidan 558.