吉林省花生玉米间作高效种植模式研究

Research on High Efficient Patterns of Peanut Intercropped with Maize in Jilin Province

为实现吉林省花生种植模式的多元化,对花生玉米间作最优模式进行筛选研究。本研究在2012-2014年相关探索试验的基础上,于2015-2016年连续两年,通过设置6种种植模式--花生单作(SP)、玉米单作(SM)和花生玉米间作行比4∶4(P4M4)、5∶5(P5M5)、6∶6(P6M6)、4∶6(P4M6),研究不同间作模式对花生、玉米产量及其土地当量比的影响。结果表明:随着行比的增加,花生和玉米的主茎高(株高)逐渐变高,且边行效果极显著,不同行比模式下,花生和玉米边1行的株高都低于边2行和边3行;花生的主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数都大于花生单作。2015年4种间作模式的LER在0.93~1.13之间,ATER在0.88~1.05之间,LUE在0.97~1.12之间;2016年4种间作模式的LER在1.06~1.27之间,ATER在0.96~1.14之间,LUE在1.01~1.20之间。3种间作模式(P4M4、P5M5和P6M6)的土地当量比(LER)大于1,说明等条带间作具有优势。P5M5和P6M6的产量和土地当量比最高,且P6M6的ATER和LUE值最高,说明6∶6模式可以提高农田的时间效率,且综合效益最高。结合吉林省花生垄作种植习惯和生产条件,认为:6∶6(P6M6)模式适合机械化、规模化操作,是花生玉米间作高效种植模式。

The optimal intercropping patterns of peanut and maize were screened to realize the diversification of peanut planting patterns in Jilin Province.Based on the relevant exploration experiments from 2012 to 2014, the effects of different intercropping patterns on yield and LER were studied from 2015 to 2016 by setting 6 cropping patterns: peanut monoculture(SP), maize monoculture(SM), intercropping of peanut with maize at the row ratio of 4∶4(P4M4), 5∶5(P5M5), 6∶6(P6M6) and 4∶6(P4M6). The results showed the main stem height of peanut and maize gradually increased and the edge effect was very significant with the increase of row ratio. The main stem height of peanut and maize of the first border row were lower than that of the second and third rows. The main stem height, lateral branch length and branch number were all higher than those of peanut monoculture(SP). The LER of four intercropping patterns ranged from 0.93 to 1.13, ATER ranged from 0.88 to 1.05 and LUE ranged from 0.97 to 1.12 in 2015, and LER ranged from 1.06 to 1.27, ATER ranged from 0.96 to 1.14 and LUE ranged from 1.01 to 1.20 in 2016. The LER of three intercropping patterns(P4M4, P5M5 and P6M6) were higher than 1, which indicated that the same row ratio of intercropping had advantages. The yield and LER of P5M5 and P6M6 were the highest, and ATER and LUE value of P6M6 were the highest. The results showed that P6M6 pattern could improve the time efficiency of farmland and achieve the highest comprehensive benefits. Combined with the ridge cultivation habits and production conditions of peanut in Jilin Province, it was considered that the pattern of P6M6 was suitable for mechanized and large-scale operations, and was an efficient intercropping mode for peanut and maize.