摘要
为了减少或者防止丘陵-平原-湿地区蒸发变大、径流减少和湿地退化等问题产生,有必要找到丘陵-平原-湿地区径流变化的驱动力。该文针对这种情况选定典型丘陵-平原-湿地区挠力河流域为研究对象,识别研究区水文气象、降雨径流关系、覆盖类型和旱田作物种类等径流影响因素的变化情况,利用情景模式反映影响因素的组合情况,将情景模式输入水文模型,分析径流影响因素及其变化对水文循环过程和径流的影响。结果表明:研究区域降水变化是径流变化的关键驱动力,降雨与径流总体上均呈递减趋势,并且径流深的递减趋势强于降水量的递减趋势;径流减少影响因素除了关键性因素降雨外还有其他因素在起作用,并且影响在逐渐增强;气候变化也是径流变化的重要驱动力之一,1965-2014年期间夏季和秋季的气温、水汽压、日照和风速等都存在显著增加趋势,春季的气温和水汽压显著升高,春季的风速在降低;1965-2014年期间流域蒸发在5-10月间并不是总是随着气温、日照、水汽压和风速等增加而增加,在某些时段某些覆盖类型蒸发量存在减小的现象;集水区域内覆盖类型变化是径流变化的重要驱动力之一,未利用地转变成旱地、旱地转换为水田以及农业产业结构的调整,加速了研究区内流域蒸散发,导致径流深的递减速度加快,同时引起了径流深对降水响应的异常;降水、气候因素和土地覆盖类型等综合影响着蒸发、根系区含水量、非饱和带含水量和径流等水循环过程因素的时空变化。
In order to prevent the increase of evaporation in hilly-plain-wetland area, decrease of runoff and degeneration of wetland, it is necessary to find the driving force of runoff change in hilly-plain-wetland area. In the present study, Naoli River Basin, a typical plain-hilly-wetland area, was selected as the research object. Data were from Baoan, Baoqing, Hongqi mountain and other hydrologic stations. The model of TOPMODEL was used for the study. During model validation, the absolute value of relative error of runoff of secondary flood was 2.73%-8.33%, the absolute value of flood peak flow was 2.49%-10.47%, and the determination coefficient of flood process line was 0.612-0.893, which indicated the rationality of the description of spatial distribution of rainfall, water shortage in unsaturated zone and spatial distribution of flow in soil by using the model. The influencing factors of runoff including hydrometeorology, rainfall-runoff relationship, cover type and dry-land crop species were analyzed. And the scenarios with different combination of influencing factors were assumed. The effects of runoff factors and their changes on hydrological cycle and runoff were analyzed by using hydrological model. The results showed that the change of regional precipitation was the key driving force of runoff change. Rainfall and runoff were generally in a decreasing trend. And the decrease of runoff depth was more obvious than that of precipitation. The other factors also played important roles in the runoff change besides the rainfall, and their influences increased gradually. Climate change was also one of the important driving forces of runoff change. Temperature, vapor pressure, sunlight intensity and wind speed increased significantly in summer and autumn from 1965 to 2014, while temperature and vapor pressure increased significantly in spring, and wind speed decreased during the spring. During the period of May to October in the years of 1965-2014, the basin evaporation did not always increased with temperature, sunlight intensity, vapor pressure and wind speed. During some periods, the basin evaporation decreased as the increase of temperature, sunlight intensity, vapor pressure and wind speed for some special cover types. Furthermore, the change of cover type in catchment area was also one of the important driving forces for runoff change. The transformation of unused land into dry land, dry land into paddy land and the adjustment of agricultural structure accelerated the evapotranspiration in the studied area, and then resulted in the fast deceleration of runoff depth and the abnormal response of runoff depth to precipitation. Based on the analysis above, precipitation, climate factors and land cover types showed complex effects on the temporal and spatial variations of evaporation, root zone water content, unsaturated zone water content and runoff.
作者
宫兴龙
杜树平
付强
关英红
邢贞相
李茉
王斌
Gong Xinglong;Du Shuping;Fu Qiang;Guan Yinghong;Xing Zhenxiang;Li Mo;Wang Bin(College of Water Conservancy and Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第16期114-124,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
黑龙江省科学基金项目(E2017009)