转换性使用与版权侵权边界研究——基于市场主义与功能主义分析视角

Research on the Theory of Transformative Use and the Legal Boundaries of Copyright Infringement ——Based on the perspectives of marketism and functionalism

转换性使用理论在美国司法实践中的扩大适用模糊了版权这一专有权利的边界。从版权法功能主义与市场主义视角对“转换性使用理论”进行法律分析,可以刺破这一概念的朦胧面纱,更为清晰和客观地划定转换性使用行为与版权的边界。即在不存在市场失灵的情况下,由版权人与使用人进行私人缔约可以较好地解决知识产品的供给与需求问题。在存在市场失灵的情形下,有必要对其从市场(使用是竞争性抑或补充性的)与功能(使用是创造性抑或复制性的)两个视角考量,并以此探讨我国借鉴“转换性使用理论”的体系效应与制度收益。

The expanding application of transformative use in judicial practice of the USA blurs the boundaries of copyright. From functionalism of copyright law and marketism, we can pierce the veil of this concept and delineate the boundary between transformative use and copyright. That is to say, in the absence of market failure, private contracting between the copyright owner and the user can better solve the problem of supply and demand of knowledge. In the case of market failure, it is necessary to consider it from the perspectives of marketism (whether the use is competitive or complementary) and functionalism (whether the use is creative or reproductive), and explore its systemic effects and institutional benefits in China.