重庆市黔江猕猴桃果园土壤养分状况分析

An analysis of soil nutrient status of kiwifruit orchard in Qianjiang,Chongqing

为全面了解重庆市黔江区猕猴桃果园土壤养分状况,对黔江区具有代表性的果园土壤进行实地取样,系统分析了黔江猕猴桃果园土壤的pH、有机质、阳离子交换量、土壤中植物营养元素和重要生命元素全量及有效量。结果表明:黔江猕猴桃果园土壤整体呈中到酸性,有机质含量较丰富,平均值达到2.89%,但土壤阳离子交换量整体偏低,4级(中偏贫)和5级(贫缺)水平的样本累计占75%;果园土壤大量营养元素氮、磷和钾含量总体较好,但部分样点已经超过猕猴桃适宜生长的范围,中量营养元素钙整体缺乏,个别地区含量丰富,镁含量整体丰富,个别地区较缺乏,微量元素铁、锰和钼含量在不同采样点差异较大,研究区土壤总体富硒。综合以上分析,建议在今后的施肥过程中,可增施有机肥,以提高有机质含量和土壤阳离子交换量;维持或适量增加氮肥的施用量,控制磷肥和钾肥的施用量;对于土壤中微量元素的缺乏,是否需要施肥,还需进一步研究。

In order to fully understand the nutrient status of kiwifruit orchard soil in Qianjiang District of Chongqing City,the authors systematically analyzed soil pH, organic matter,cation exchange capacity,and total and effective content of plant nutrient and life elements in soil .The results show that the soil in Qianjiang kiwifruit orchards is moderate to acidic,rich in organic matter, with an average of2.89%,but the cation exchange capacity of soil is relatively low, with 75% of the total samples in grade 4 (middle-poor) and 5 (poor) levels.The values of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the orchard soil are generally good,but some of the samples have exceeded the suitable growth range of kiwifruit.The content of medium element Ca is deficient,while the content of medium element Mg is abundant in many areas. The content of trace elements Fe,Mn and Mo varies greatly in different sampling points. The soil in the study area is rich in Se on the whole.Based on the above analysis,it is suggested that,in the future fertilization process,more organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the content of organic matter and soil cation exchange capacity,the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be maintained or appropriately increased and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be controlled.In addition, whether fertilization is necessary for tackling the deficiency of trace elements in soil needs further study.