天津盘山磨盘柿子品质分析及其产地土壤地球化学特征

Chemical composition analysis and soil geochemical characteristics of Mopan persimmon in Panshan,Tianjin

柿子是天津市蓟州区的传统果品,蓟州区盘山周边地区种植的柿子品种为磨盘柿子,磨盘柿子因产于风景秀丽的旅游胜地盘山而得名。笔者研究了盘山磨盘柿子品质指标及其产地土壤地球化学特征,研究结果表明:盘山磨盘柿子灰分平均为0.38g/100g,脂肪平均为0.20g/100g,粗纤维平均为0.67%,β-胡萝卜素平均为77.27μg/100g,水分平均为77.92g/100g,维生素C(VC)平均为25.80mg/100g,可溶性总糖平均为14.81%,蛋白质平均为0.63g/100g,果实中植物大量营养元素K、N、P和中量营养元素S、Ca、Mg含量较高。盘山磨盘柿子主要分布在盘山花岗岩岩体及其周围,柿子产区的区域表层土壤及根系土土壤酸碱度环境比较适宜柿子树生长,其中表层土壤中MgO、K2O、Mo、F含量显著高于天津市土壤背景值;根系土土壤剖面中SiO2平均含量较高,偏砂性土壤有利于柿子树生长,大量营养元素K平均含量较高,而N、P、Corg平均含量在剖面中下部土壤中缺乏或较缺乏。根系土元素与果实品质相关性反映,产区土壤中SiO2、Mo、P、K2O含量优势给果实中β-胡萝卜素、VC、蛋白质等营养品质提升提供了有利条件,有利于果实高品质的形成。

Persimmon is a traditional fruit tree species in Jizhou District of Tianjin. The variety of persimmon planted in the surrounding area of Panshan in Jizhou District is Mopan persimmon.Mopan persimmon is named for its origin in Panshan,a scenic tourist resort.In this paper,the quality indexes of persimmon and the geochemical characteristics of soil in Panshan were studied.According to the results obtained,the average ash content of Panshan Mopan persimmon is 0.38 g/100 g, the average fat is 0.20 g/100 g,the average crude fiber content is 0.67%,the average content of beta-carotene is 77.27 μg/100 g, the average moisture content is 77.92 g/100 g, vitamin C is25.80 mg/100 g on average,the average total soluble sugar is14.81%,and the average protein content is 0.63 g/100 g.K,N, P and S,Ca,Mg,which belong to large and medium nutrient elements in soil,are the most abundant elements in the fruit of Mopan persimmon;Mopan persimmon is mainly distributed in and around Panshan granite rock mass;the values of MgO,K2O,Mo and F in the surface soil of the production area are significantly higher than the background values of Tianjin soil;the average content of SiO2 in root soil from top to bottom is higher,and sandiness of soil is beneficial to persimmon tree growth;the average content of K is higher,while the average content of N,P and Corg in root soil is deficient or deficient;soil acidity and alkalinity environment of surface soil and root soil in Mopan persimmon producing area is more suitable for persimmon tree growth.The correlation between root soil elements and fruit quality shows that the superiority of SiO2,Mo,P and K2O content in soil of production area provides favorable conditions for the improvement of nutrient quality of fruits,such as beta-carotene,VC,and protein,which is conducive to the formation of high quality fruits.