乡村教师政策70年:历程回顾与问题反思

Policies for Rural Teacher over the Past Seven Decades:Review and Reflection

新中国成立70年来,乡村教师政策演进经历了艰难探索期、初步发展期、稳定推进期、精准定位期、全面深化期五个阶段。我国乡村教师政策为乡村教师队伍建设提供了积极的制度保障,但还存在着乡村教师职业吸引力激发不足,乡村教师特色专业发展凸显不够,乡村教师社会服务功能缺失等问题。在新的历史时期,乡村教师政策要适应乡村教育发展的现实需要,从提升乡村教师职业吸引力、形成乡村教师特色专业发展合力、激发乡村教师服务乡村教育的内生力入手,破解城乡师资优质均衡发展难题。

70 years since the founding of New China,the evolution of the policies for rural teachers has gone through five phases:1) difficult exploration;2) initial development;3) stable promotion;4) precise position;5) comprehensive deepening.China's rural teacher policies provide a positive institutional guarantee for the construction of rural teachers.However,there are still some problems in professional attraction,professional development,and social service functions.In the new period,rural teacher policies should meet the actual needs of the development of rural education.The quality and balanced development of urban and rural teachers can be achieved by promoting the rural teachers' professional attractiveness,forge synergies to promote the development of rural teachers' characteristic profession and stimulating the rural teachers' endogenous impetus to serve rural education.