医院实验室感染性高危险废物无害化处理实验研究

Experimental study on harmless treatment of infectious hazardous waste in hospital laboratory

目的研究立式下排气式压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌感染性废物时,包装方法对灭菌效果的影响,通过验证其生物安全性,为制定我国医院实验室感染性高危险废物处理技术指南提供基础数据。方法选取某院检验科微生物实验室感染性废物处理间两台立式下排气式压力蒸汽灭菌器为观察对象,试验菌为嗜热脂肪杆菌芽孢(ATCC6767)生物指示物,材料包括玻璃试管(棉球封口)、玻璃平皿、医疗废物塑料包装袋等,试验设三组,分别为无包装组、医疗废物塑料包装袋敞口包装组、医疗废物塑料包装袋封口包装组,通过处理效果检测试验和安全性验证试验,对试验结果进行统计分析。结果无包装组生物指示物培养结果:设置温度为121℃,灭菌20 min可以达到灭菌效果;设置温度为132℃,灭菌5 min可以达灭菌效果。医疗废物塑料包装袋敞口包装组生物指示物培养结果:设置温度为121℃,灭菌60 min可以达灭菌效果。医疗废物塑料包装袋封口包装组生物指示物培养结果:设置温度121℃,灭菌105 min,可以达到灭菌效果。无论塑料包装袋是敞口还是封口,设置温度132℃,灭菌5 min,医疗废物塑料包装袋融化。结论建议采用121℃灭菌程序,使用医疗废物塑料包装袋敞口包装,灭菌65 min;使用医疗废物塑料包装袋封口包装,灭菌110 min,不建议采用132℃灭菌程序。

To study the effect of packaging methods on sterilization efficacy of infectious waste sterilized by vertical pressure steam sterilizer,verify its biological safety,and provide basic data for formulating technical guidelines for treatment of infectious hazardous waste in hospital laboratories in China.Methods Two vertical pressure steam sterilizers in infectious waste disposal room of microbiology laboratory of a hospital were selected as observation objects,experimental bacteria was Bacillus thermophilus bioindicator(ATCC6767),experimental material included glass test tubes(cotton ball sealing),glass plate and plastic bags for medical waste,experiment were divided into non-packaging group,open packaging group for medical waste plastic bags and sealing packaging group for medical waste plastic bags,statistical analysis of experimental results was performed through treatment effect test and safety verification test.Results Culture result of biological indicators showed that sterilization effect could all be achieved when bioindicators were in non-packaging group sterilized at 121℃for 20 minutes and 132℃for 5 minutes,in open packaging group at 121℃for 60 minutes,and in sealing packaging group at 121℃for 105 minutes.Whether the plastic bags were open or sealed,setting the temperature at 132℃for 5 minutes sterilization could melt plastic bags of medical waste.Conclusion Infectious wastes packaged in the open package at 121℃for 65 minutes sterilization and in sealed package at 121℃for 110 minutes sterilization is recommended,sterilization procedure at 132℃is not recommended.