中美海洋安全观视角的海洋安全博弈

Game of Maritime Security from the Perspective of Visions on Maritime Security of China and the US

中美两国的海洋安全观是理解中美海洋战略互动及中美关系的重要视角。尽管中美两国都主张海洋安全,但是两国的海洋安全观大相径庭,在如何确保海洋安全的方式上存在巨大差异。中国的海洋安全政策基于自身安全困境,旨在维护海洋安全、国家安全及国家可持续发展;美国的海洋安全政策基于其全球霸权地位,旨在推进海洋霸权,保证美国的绝对海洋安全。美国使用传统守成大国对待崛起大国的方法,应对中国海洋崛起。尽管中国追求公正的新海洋秩序和海洋规则,无意挑战美国的海洋霸权,但客观上在一定程度上触动了现有美国主导的海洋秩序与海洋规则。

Visions on maritime security of China and the US afford an important perspective for understanding the maritime strategic interaction between China and the US and China-US relations. Although both countries advocate maritime security, there is a huge difference in visions on maritime security of China and the US, and a sharp contrast is witnessed in how to ensure maritime security. China s maritime security policy takes its root in the security dilemma, and the policy is made to seek maritime security, national security and sustainable development of the nation. However, the US policy, in line with Pax Americana, is implemented to promote maritime hegemony and go after ultimate maritime security. The two countries have conducted a confrontational contest in the field of maritime security. The US takes a traditional means of defending the established powers against the rising powers to deal with China s rise in maritime influence. Despite with no intent to challenge the maritime hegemony of the US and aspiring for an equitable new maritime order, China objectively remodels the existing maritime order and ocean rules dominated by the US to a certain extent.