日常生活史的神话认知与表达——以《山本》为例

Myth Cognition and Expression of the History of Daily Life ——Take Shanben as an Example

在新作《山本》中,中国当代作家贾平凹集中展现了作为一种认知与表达方法的神话对日常生活史的介入,从而为神话与历史的辩证关系提供了一种新型观照视角。与其他作家着力于创造意识形态属性明显的集体性或个体性神话不同,贾平凹试图还原神话在人类日常生活史中的本真状态,突出其作为人类知识与思想来源的背景作用,以及以“互渗”形式促成人与万物实现互联的重要特质。作为一种方法的神话,也体现于其通过具有神性特质的人物设置,构建日常生活的神话空间,继而形成一个整体性的稳定神话系统。贾平凹在《山本》中不仅表现了神话视阈中日常生活的和谐流动,也展现了现代革命与权力神话对传统神话时空的侵蚀、压制、重组,以及由此引起的日常生活的断裂,作家借此探讨了传统神话由生而灭的历史过程。神话视角的切入,使贾平凹获得了神话视阈的观照,并在日常生活的漫流中发现神秘与朴实兼具的现实生命质感,重塑了一段亦真亦幻的历史。

In his new literary works Shanben, Jia Pingwa, a contemporary Chinese writer, focuses on the myth’s involvement in the history of daily life as a way of cognition and expression, which provides a new perspective for the dialectical relationship between myth and history. Unlike other writers who focus on creating collective or individual myths with obvious ideological attributes, Jia Pingwa tries to restore the true state of myths in the history of human daily life, highlight myths’ background role as the source of people’s knowledge and ideas, and promote myths’ important characteristics of the interconnection of human beings and things in the form of "mutual infiltration". Myth, as a method, also forges the mythological space of daily life through the setting of characters with divine characteristics, forming a stable mythological system as a whole. In Shanben, Jia Pingwa not only shows the harmonious flow of daily life from the perspective of myth, but also exposes the erosion, suppression and reorganization of time and space in traditional myths caused by modern revolution and power myths and the fractures in daily life henceforth. In this way, the author explores the historical process of traditional myths from birth to death. The entry of mythological perspective enables Jia Pingwa not only to gain the overall perspective of historical observation, but also to discover the mysterious and simple quality of real life, on the basis of which a real and imaginary history is reshaped under this premise.