基于景观图式语言的龙溪古镇公共空间特征与保护研究

Study on Characteristics and Protection of Public Space in Longxi Ancient Town Based on Landscape Graphic Language

图式语言是揭示公共空间由景观要素、空间单元到空间组合的过程,在空间解读上存在直观性与逻辑性的优势.利用景观图式语言的研究方法,将龙溪古镇公共空间分为线型空间、类方型块状空间、自由型块状空间,总结出47种空间要素图式、25种空间单元图式、9种空间组合图式.分析图式语汇,得到了自由型图式最多的数量特征和类方型图式最具有人文价值的功能特征.分析词法,得到龙溪古镇公共空间在构成方式上以叠加型空间为主、街巷空间为骨架的特征.分析句法得到公共空间性质随时间变化,但中码头性质与街巷空间形态不变;公共空间秩序随时间变化更加丰富,封闭空间变多;枕山环水面屏的自然山水空间格局、两纵两横的公共空间格局与簇群建筑空间格局均稳定无变化的特征.结合以上公共空间特征,提出增加要素多样性、保留类方型空间而修整自然型空间、增加叠加型空间组合并大力保护街巷空间、尊重空间时态而增加空间序列、保护整体格局等保护发展措施.

Landscape graphic language is a process of revealing the public space from landscape elements and spatial units to spatial combinations.It has the advantages of directness and logic in spatial interpretation.Using the research method of landscape language,the authors of this paper divide the public space of Longxi Ancient Town into linear space,square-shaped block space and free block space,and summarize the vocabulary to 47 landscape element patterns,25 spatial unit patterns and 9 space combination patterns.By analyzing the vocabulary,the quantitative features of the free-form schema at most and the functional features of the class-like schema with the most humanistic value are obtained.Lexical analysis shows that the characteristics of the public space of Longxi Ancient Town are mainly composed of superimposed space and street space as the skeleton.Syntax analysis indicates that the properties of public space change with time,but the nature of the dock and the shape of the street space are unchanged;the order of the public space is more abundant with time,and the closed space is more;the spatial pattern of the natural landscape,two-vertical and two-horizon public space pattern and the cluster building spatial pattern are stable and unchanged.Taking the above-mentioned characteristics into consideration,the authors propose that the diversity of elements be increased,the square space be preserved and the natural space be trimmed,the superposition space combination be increased and the street space be protected,the space tense be respected and the spatial sequence be increased,and the overall pattern be protected.